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Bird Strike on Northwest A320 at Raleigh Aug 9th 2009

Northwest 1546 suffers a bird strike and subsequent engine failure after departing Raleigh-Durham International Airport.

2009-08-10 Raleigh-Durham International Airport (RDU)

Summary

Shortly after takeoff from Raleigh-Durham, Northwest Flight 1546 experienced a loud bang, initially suspecting a blown tire before confirming a bird strike. The situation escalated when the aircraft's number one engine failed, forcing the crew to declare an emergency and return for an immediate landing. The Airbus A320 landed safely with 153 people on board.

Analysis

This recording captures the rapid evolution of an in-flight emergency. During the takeoff roll, just as the aircraft reached "rotation" speed (the speed at which the pilot pulls back on the stick to lift the nose), the crew heard a loud bang. In the high-stress environment of a departure, identifying the source of a noise is challenging; the crew initially suspected a blown tire, which is a common cause of loud reports on the runway. However, the First Officer's visual observation of birds and the Tower's confirmation of debris on the runway quickly shifted the diagnosis to a bird strike.

The incident is notable for the professional composure of the flight crew as the situation degraded. While they were initially coordinating a precautionary return to the airport, the "loud bang" culminated in the total failure of the Number 1 (left) engine. In aviation terms, losing an engine shortly after takeoff is a critical "Time-Critical" emergency because the aircraft is heavy with fuel and at a relatively low altitude. The pilot’s communication remains remarkably calm, even when announcing the engine loss: "And we just lost our number one engine... We're coming right in for a landing."

For non-experts, this transcript illustrates the "Aviate, Navigate, Communicate" hierarchy. The pilots first ensured the plane was flying, then navigated back toward the runway, and finally communicated their needs to ATC. The controller’s request for "souls on board and fuel in pounds" is a standard emergency protocol used to inform fire and rescue teams of the potential fire hazard and the number of people they may need to evacuate.

The event occurred only seven months after the famous "Miracle on the Hudson" (US Airways 1549), which also involved an Airbus A320 and a bird strike. This context likely weighed on the minds of the crew and controllers, though this incident involved the loss of only one engine rather than both, allowing for a standard powered return to the airfield rather than a ditching.

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Original ATC Communication

Plain English Translation

PILOT
Raleigh Tower, Northwest 1546. We’re airborne now. Northwest 1546, can you see there? It sounded like we might have blown a tire there on the right before liftoff.
PILOT
Raleigh Tower, this is Northwest flight 1546. We’re in the air now. Can you see anything down there? It sounded like we might have blown a right tire just before we lifted off the ground.
ATC
Northwest 1546, Roger. Northwest 1546, it appears that there is [debris] out there.
ATC
Northwest 1546, I understand. It does look like there is some debris left out there on the runway.
PILOT
Okay.
PILOT
Okay.
ATC
Northwest 1546, we did see something when you departed.
ATC
Northwest 1546, we definitely saw something happen as you were taking off.
PILOT
Well, yeah. The first officer said he saw birds go by, so we might have taken a pretty good bird strike there.
PILOT
Well, yeah. My co-pilot says he saw some birds fly by, so we might have actually hit a few of them pretty hard back there.
ATC
Okay, we’ll see if we can get somebody to look out on the runway to see if they see anything, and we’ll pass on that information. Northwest 1546, contact Departure.
ATC
Okay, we’ll see if we can get someone out to inspect the runway for any damage or remains, and we’ll pass that info along. Northwest 1546, switch over and talk to the Departure controllers now.
PILOT
1546.
PILOT
1546, switching over.
PILOT
Departure, Northwest 1546 with you. 2.5 for 7, and we’re probably going to have to go back and land at Raleigh-Durham there. We had a pretty loud bang right before we rotated there; we may have taken a pretty good bird strike.
PILOT
Departure control, Northwest 1546 is with you. We’re passing 2,500 feet climbing toward 7,000, and we’re likely going to need to turn around and land back at Raleigh-Durham. We heard a loud bang right as we were lifting the nose to take off; we might have hit some birds.
ATC
Northwest 1546, Raleigh.
ATC
Northwest 1546, this is Raleigh Departure.
PILOT
Request 3,000, Northwest 1546.
PILOT
We'd like to level off and stay at 3,000 feet, Northwest 1546.
ATC
Northwest 1546, would you like emergency equipment or any medical assistance?
ATC
Northwest 1546, do you want us to have the emergency trucks or any medical assistance waiting for you?
PILOT
Negative at this time. We’ll let you know.
PILOT
Not at this time. We’ll let you know if that changes.
PILOT
Say the heading again, 1546.
PILOT
Repeat that compass direction for 1546.
ATC
Heading 320, 1546.
ATC
Fly a heading of 320 degrees, 1546.
ATC
Northwest 1546, when you have a minute, souls on board and fuel in pounds.
ATC
Northwest 1546, when you have a free moment, tell us the total number of people on board and how much fuel you have in pounds.
PILOT
148 plus five crew.
PILOT
There are 148 passengers and five crew members on board.
ATC
Northwest 1546, heading 250.
ATC
Northwest 1546, turn to a compass heading of 250 degrees.
PILOT
250, Northwest 1546.
PILOT
Turning to 250, Northwest 1546.
PILOT
Yeah, we’d prefer the right side, Northwest 1546.
PILOT
Yeah, we’d prefer to use the right-hand runway, Northwest 1546.
ATC
Northwest 1546, they're at the crown of the runway, right in the middle, right where it peaks.
ATC
Northwest 1546, the emergency vehicles are at the high point of the runway, right in the middle where the pavement peaks.
PILOT
Okay, very good.
PILOT
Okay, that's very helpful information.
PILOT
Standby, Northwest 1546. We’re discussing.
PILOT
Wait one moment, Northwest 1546. We’re talking it over in the cockpit.
PILOT
And we just lost our number one engine, Northwest 1546. We're coming right in for a landing.
PILOT
And we just lost our left engine, Northwest 1546. We're coming straight in for a landing right now.
PILOT
Runway 23 Right, 1546.
PILOT
Lining up for the right-hand runway 23, 1546.
ATC
Northwest 1546, you're cleared to land, runway 23 Right.
ATC
Northwest 1546, you are authorized to land on the right-hand runway 23.
PILOT
Cleared to land 23 Right, 1546.
PILOT
Authorized to land on 23 Right, 1546.

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