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Near Miss @ KSFO - We Need to Talk!

A United Boeing 777 triggers a TCAS alert during a close encounter with a Cessna at SFO.

2010-03-31 San Francisco International Airport (KSFO)

Summary

A United Airlines Boeing 777 departing San Francisco International Airport experienced a near-miss with a small Cessna shortly after takeoff. Despite the controller's attempt to maintain visual separation, the aircraft came close enough to trigger the 777's automated collision avoidance system, leading to a stern rebuke from the United pilot.

Analysis

This recording captures a high-tension moment at San Francisco International Airport (SFO), an airport notorious for its complex airspace and frequent interactions between heavy commercial jets and light general aviation aircraft. The incident begins with United 889, a "heavy" Boeing 777, being cleared for takeoff on Runway 28 Left. Simultaneously, a Cessna (70E) is operating in the immediate vicinity.

The controller attempts to manage the situation using "visual separation," a procedure where the responsibility for avoiding a collision is shifted to the pilots once they have each other in sight. While the Cessna pilot confirms they have the heavy jet in sight and will pass behind it, the physical proximity of the two aircraft rapidly decreases. In modern airliners, the Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) operates independently of ATC instructions; if it calculates that a collision is possible within a certain timeframe, it will issue a Resolution Advisory (RA), commanding the pilot to climb or descend.

The notable moment occurs when the United pilot, having likely just performed an evasive maneuver or received a loud cockpit warning, informs the tower that the encounter triggered their TCAS. The phrase "we need to talk" is a professional but grave signal in aviation. It implies that the pilot believes a significant safety breach occurred and that a formal "Possible Pilot Deviation" or "Mandatory Occurrence Report" may be filed.

This event highlights the inherent risks of mixing different classes of aircraft in busy terminal areas. While visual separation is a legal and common tool for controllers to maintain efficiency, it can fail to provide the safety margins required by automated systems like TCAS, which do not account for pilot intent or visual contact. The aftermath of such an event usually involves an FAA investigation and a review of the controller's sequencing decisions.

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Original ATC Communication

Plain English Translation

ATC
United 889 heavy, winds 290 at 06, runway 28 left, cleared for takeoff.
ATC
United 889, our heavy jet, the wind is coming from the west at 6 knots. You are authorized to take off from runway 28 left.
UNITED 889
Cleared for takeoff, 28 left, United 889 heavy.
UNITED 889
Authorized for takeoff on 28 left, United 889, the heavy jet.
ATC
7-zero-Echo, traffic opposite departure and climbing out of 500, heavy Triple-7.
ATC
Seven-zero-Echo, watch out for a plane taking off in the opposite direction and climbing through 500 feet, it’s a massive Boeing 777.
CESSNA
7-zero-Echo, traffic in sight.
CESSNA
Seven-zero-Echo, I have that other plane in sight.
ATC
7-zero-Echo, maintain visual separation, pass behind that aircraft.
ATC
Seven-zero-Echo, keep watching him to stay safe and fly behind that aircraft.
CESSNA
7-zero-Echo, passing behind them.
CESSNA
Seven-zero-Echo, we are passing behind them now.
ATC
United 889 heavy, Cessna just off to your right has you in sight. Cessna's at 1,500, they're maintaining visual separation.
ATC
United 889, the heavy jet, that small Cessna just to your right sees you. He’s at 1,500 feet and is watching you to make sure he stays clear.
UNITED 889
Adjusted, traffic in sight.
UNITED 889
We've adjusted, we see that other plane.
ATC
United 889 heavy, traffic no factor. Contact NorCal departure.
ATC
United 889, that other plane is no longer a threat. Switch over to the Northern California departure controllers.
UNITED 889
Okay, that set off a TCAS. That was—we need to talk.
UNITED 889
Okay, that just triggered our cockpit collision alarm. That was—we are definitely going to need to have a conversation about that.
ATC
Roger.
ATC
I understand.

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