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Re FlyDubai B738 crash at Rostov (Russia)

ATC communications leading up to the fatal crash of FlyDubai Flight 981 in Rostov-on-Don.

2016-03-20 Rostov-on-Don Airport (ROV/URRR), Russia CW: The transcript precedes a fatal crash with no survivors.

Summary

FlyDubai Flight 981 spent over two hours in a holding pattern due to severe weather conditions at Rostov-on-Don Airport. This transcript captures the pilots' repeated inquiries about weather improvements and their final approach before initiating a second go-around that resulted in a fatal crash. The recording ends just moments before the aircraft entered a steep, uncontrollable dive into the runway.

Analysis

On March 19, 2016, FlyDubai Flight 981, a Boeing 737-800, was attempting to land at Rostov-on-Don, Russia, in extreme weather conditions. The transcript highlights the crew's persistent concern regarding the weather, specifically asking for updates on visibility, cloud base, and wind shear. The controller reports winds gusting up to 18 meters per second (approximately 35 knots) and mentions severe turbulence on final, painting a picture of a very challenging environment for the crew.

The recording captures the professional but weary tone of the pilots, who had been holding for two hours following an earlier aborted landing attempt. A notable technical aspect is the mention of QNH and QFE; Russian controllers frequently provide both the pressure at sea level (QNH) and the pressure at the airport elevation (QFE), which requires careful attention from international crews to avoid altimetry errors. The pilot also proactively states their intention to climb to flight level 80 in the event of a go-around, showing they were mentally prepared for the possibility of another missed approach.

The transcript concludes with the pilot calmly stating, "Going around, FlyDubai 981." While the radio exchange sounds routine, what followed was a catastrophe. During this second go-around, the pilot flying pushed the nose down while simultaneously applying nose-down stabilizer trim, likely due to a somatogravic illusion—a sensory deception where the body's vestibular system mistakes rapid acceleration for a steep climb. This led the crew to push the nose down into a fatal dive.

The investigation into the crash of FZ981 focused heavily on pilot fatigue, spatial disorientation, and the specific handling characteristics of the Boeing 737 during a go-around with high thrust and low weight. All 62 people on board perished. This recording is a chilling example of how a seemingly controlled and professional cockpit environment can transition into a terminal situation in a matter of seconds due to human factors in extreme environments.

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Original ATC Communication

Plain English Translation

PILOT
Okay, thank you very much. FlyDubai 981. Tower, FlyDubai 981.
PILOT
Alright, thank you very much. This is FlyDubai flight 981. Tower, do you hear me? This is FlyDubai 981.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, Rostov Tower.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, this is the Rostov Tower, go ahead.
PILOT
I'm just calling you, sir, to see if you have any improvement on the weather.
PILOT
I'm just calling you, sir, to see if the weather conditions have improved at all.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, the wind is 230 degrees, 10 gusting 14 meters per second. Cloud base is 630 meters, visibility is 6,000 meters, and there is light shower rain.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, the wind is coming from the southwest at 10 meters per second, gusting up to 14. The clouds start at 2,000 feet, you can see for about four miles, and there is some light rain.
PILOT
Okay, thank you very much. Any wind shear warning?
PILOT
Okay, thank you very much. Any reports of dangerous, sudden changes in wind speed or direction?
ATC
FlyDubai 981, negative.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, no such reports.
PILOT
Okay, thank you. And when you look out the window, does it look better than before?
PILOT
Okay, thank you. And when you look out your window, does it look any clearer than it did before?
ATC
FlyDubai 981, moderate visibility.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, the visibility is only average.
PILOT
Okay, thank you very much.
PILOT
Okay, thank you very much.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, monitor Information Bravo.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, keep listening to the latest recorded weather update, code Bravo.
PILOT
Thank you. Tower, FlyDubai 981.
PILOT
Thank you. Tower, this is FlyDubai 981 again.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, Rostov Tower.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, this is Rostov Tower.
PILOT
How is the weather, sir? Is it better?
PILOT
How is the weather looking now, sir? Is it any better?
ATC
FlyDubai 981, weather at 00:20: visibility 5 kilometers, ceiling 630 meters, overcast. Wind 230 degrees, 13 maximum 18 meters per second. Light shower rain and mist. On final, there is severe turbulence and moderate wind shear.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, the weather as of 12:20 AM: you can see for about three miles, with a solid layer of clouds at 2,000 feet. Wind is from the southwest at 13 meters per second, gusting up to 18. Light rain and mist. On the final approach to the runway, there is severe shaking and moderate, sudden shifts in the wind.
PILOT
Okay, thank you very much.
PILOT
Okay, thank you very much for the update.
ATC
FlyDubai 981.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, this is air traffic control.
PILOT
Go ahead for FlyDubai 981.
PILOT
Go ahead for FlyDubai 981, we're listening.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, at 22:00, the wind is 230 degrees, 14 meters per second, maximum 18 meters per second. Visibility is 6 kilometers. Scattered clouds at 480 meters, ceiling 630 meters. The meteorological office has not reported wind shear on the runway.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, the 10:00 PM weather report shows winds from the southwest at 30 miles per hour, gusting up to 40. Visibility is about four miles. There are scattered clouds at 1,500 feet and a solid cloud deck at 2,000 feet. The weather office hasn't reported any dangerous sudden wind shifts on the runway.
PILOT
Copy that. FlyDubai 981 requests descent for ILS approach. FlyDubai 981.
PILOT
Understood. FlyDubai 981 is requesting to start our descent to line up for an instrument-guided landing. FlyDubai 981.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, descend flight level 70, Information Bravo.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, descend and maintain 7,000 feet. Confirm you have the latest airport weather update, code Bravo.
PILOT
Flight level 70, FlyDubai 981.
PILOT
Down to 7,000 feet, FlyDubai 981.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, contact Rostov Radar on 121.2.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, please switch over and talk to Rostov Radar on frequency 121.2.
PILOT
121.2, bye-bye. Rostov Radar, hello again. FlyDubai 981 is descending to flight level 70. Information Bravo is current. QNH 998.
PILOT
Switching to 121.2, talk soon. Rostov Radar, hello again. FlyDubai 981 is descending toward 7,000 feet. We have the latest weather update and our altimeters are calibrated to 998.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, Rostov Radar. QNH 998. FlyDubai 981, descend to height 600 meters.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, this is Rostov Radar. We confirm that altimeter setting. FlyDubai 981, descend further to 2,000 feet.
PILOT
Descending height 600 meters. Confirm QNH 998? FlyDubai 981.
PILOT
Descending to 2,000 feet. Can you confirm the altimeter setting is 998? FlyDubai 981.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, affirmative. QNH 998.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, that is correct. The setting is 998.
PILOT
QNH 998 and descending 600 meters, FlyDubai 981.
PILOT
998 on the altimeter and descending to 2,000 feet, FlyDubai 981.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, turn left heading 300.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, turn left to a compass heading of 300 degrees.
PILOT
Left heading 300, FlyDubai 981.
PILOT
Turning left to heading 300, FlyDubai 981.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, turn left heading 290.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, turn a little further left to heading 290.
PILOT
Left heading 290, FlyDubai 981.
PILOT
Turning left to heading 290, FlyDubai 981.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, cleared ILS approach runway 22. Report established on the localizer.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, you are cleared for the instrument landing approach to runway 22. Let me know when you've locked onto the radio beam for the runway centerline.
PILOT
Cleared ILS runway 22, I will report established on the localizer. For your information, in case of a go-around, we are going to climb to flight level 80. FlyDubai 981.
PILOT
We're cleared for the instrument approach to runway 22, and I'll tell you when we're lined up on the beam. Just so you know, if we have to abort this landing, we’ll be climbing up to 8,000 feet. FlyDubai 981.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, roger.
ATC
Understood, FlyDubai 981.
PILOT
Check, please.
PILOT
Give me a status update, please.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, wind is 230 degrees, 12 gusting 18 meters per second.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, the wind is coming from the southwest at 27 miles per hour, with gusts reaching 40 miles per hour.
PILOT
Copy that. Established on the localizer, runway 22, FlyDubai 981.
PILOT
Got it. We are now locked onto the guidance beam for runway 22, FlyDubai 981.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, contact Tower on 119.7.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, switch over and talk to the Tower controllers on frequency 119.7.
PILOT
Tower, 119.7. FlyDubai 981. Rostov Tower, hello again. FlyDubai 981, established on the localizer, runway 22.
PILOT
Tower on 119.7, FlyDubai 981. Rostov Tower, hello again. This is FlyDubai 981, we’re lined up on the instrument beam for runway 22.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, Rostov Tower, good evening again. Surface wind 230 degrees, 12 maximum 18 meters per second. Runway 22.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, Rostov Tower, good evening to you again. The wind on the ground is from the southwest at 27 miles per hour, gusting up to 40. You're heading for runway 22.
PILOT
Runway 22, FlyDubai 981.
PILOT
Heading for runway 22, FlyDubai 981.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, QFE 988 hectopascals, QNH 998 hectopascals.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, your altimeter settings are 988 for ground-level pressure and 998 for sea-level pressure.
PILOT
QNH 998 hectopascals, FlyDubai 981.
PILOT
Setting our altimeter to 998 for sea-level pressure, FlyDubai 981.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, at 03:09, visibility is 3,500 meters. QFE 987 hectopascals, QNH 997 hectopascals.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, as of 3:09 AM, visibility is about two miles. Altimeter settings are now 987 for ground pressure and 997 for sea level.
PILOT
QNH 997, copy. FlyDubai 981. Going around, FlyDubai 981.
PILOT
Copy 997. FlyDubai 981. We're aborting the landing, going around, FlyDubai 981.
ATC
FlyDubai 981, contact Rostov Radar on 121.2.
ATC
FlyDubai flight 981, switch your radio over to talk to the Rostov radar controllers on frequency 121.2.
PILOT
121.2, bye-bye.
PILOT
Switching to 121.2, talk to you later.

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