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UAL 328 uncontained engine failure - DEN

A United Boeing 777 suffers a catastrophic uncontained engine failure shortly after departing Denver.

2021-02-20 Denver International Airport (DEN) and surrounding airspace, Colorado

Summary

United Flight 328 experienced a major failure of its right engine while climbing out of Denver International Airport, bound for Honolulu. The uncontained failure caused the engine cowling to disintegrate, raining debris over suburban Broomfield, Colorado. The flight crew declared a Mayday and safely returned to Denver after performing emergency checklists.

Analysis

This incident is one of the most visually documented engine failures in modern aviation history, as passengers filmed the burning engine from the cabin while residents on the ground captured the engine cowling falling into a public park. The transcript captures the critical moments immediately following the failure of the Pratt & Whitney PW4077 engine. The "Mayday, Mayday" call is delivered with professional urgency, signaling a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate priority from Air Traffic Control.

The communication highlights the "Aviate, Navigate, Communicate" philosophy. Despite the severity of the situation—an engine on fire and potential structural damage—the pilots resisted the urge to rush the landing. When the controller offered a straight-in approach to Runway 7, the pilots declined, stating they needed to "run some checklists." This is a vital safety step to ensure the aircraft is properly configured for a single-engine landing and that any secondary issues (like hydraulic or electrical failures) are addressed.

The Denver Departure controller demonstrated exceptional service by offering the crew "any runway you'd like" and providing "delayed vectors." This flexibility allowed the pilots to manage their workload without the pressure of immediate navigation. The controller’s calm demeanor helped maintain a stable environment for the crew to work through a high-stress scenario.

The aftermath of this event was significant; it led to the temporary global grounding of Boeing 777 aircraft equipped with Pratt & Whitney 4000-series engines. Investigators later determined the cause was a fatigue crack in a fan blade. The incident serves as a textbook example of successful Crew Resource Management (CRM) and the effectiveness of modern aircraft design in surviving catastrophic component failures.

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Original ATC Communication

Plain English Translation

ATC
United 328 Heavy, Denver Tower. Wind calm, runway 25. Cleared for takeoff.
ATC
United flight 328, this is the Denver tower controller. The wind is calm, and you are cleared to take off from runway 25.
UNITED 328
Cleared for takeoff, 25, United 328 Heavy.
UNITED 328
We're all set for takeoff on runway 25, United 328.
ATC
United 328 Heavy, contact Departure. Have a good day.
ATC
United 328, switch over to the departure controllers now. Have a good flight.
UNITED 328
To Departure, United 328 Heavy. Mahalo.
UNITED 328
Moving to the departure frequency, United 328. Thank you.
UNITED 328
Denver Departure, United 328 Heavy is with you out of six for flight level 230.
UNITED 328
Denver Departure, United 328 is checking in. We're climbing through 6,000 feet and heading up to 23,000 feet.
ATC
United 328 Heavy, Denver Departure. Radar contact. Climb and maintain flight level 230. Moderate turbulence from 14,000 to flight level 220.
ATC
United 328, Denver Departure. I see you on my radar. Continue your climb to 23,000 feet. Just a heads up, other pilots reported moderate rough air between 14,000 and 22,000 feet.
UNITED 328
Okay, understand. Thanks for the PIREP. Cleared to climb to flight level 230, United 328 Heavy.
UNITED 328
Okay, understood. Thanks for that pilot weather report. We’re cleared to climb to 23,000 feet, United 328.
ATC
United 328 Heavy, fly direct ZIMMR.
ATC
United 328, fly straight toward the ZIMMR navigation point.
UNITED 328
Direct to ZIMMR, United 328 Heavy.
UNITED 328
Heading straight to ZIMMR now, United 328.
UNITED 328
Denver Departure, United 328 Heavy, we've experienced an engine failure. Need a turn.
UNITED 328
Denver Departure, United 328, we’ve just had an engine fail. We need to start a turn immediately.
UNITED 328
Mayday, Mayday. United 328 Heavy, Mayday, Mayday. Aircraft just experienced an engine failure, need a turn immediately.
UNITED 328
Emergency! Emergency! United 328, this is a Mayday! We just experienced an engine failure and we need to turn the plane around right now!
ATC
United 328 Heavy, say again. Could you repeat all that?
ATC
United 328, say again? Could you please repeat all of that?
UNITED 328
Denver Departure, United 328 Heavy. Mayday, aircraft just experienced an engine failure. Need a turn immediately.
UNITED 328
Denver Departure, United 328. This is an emergency, our engine just failed. We need to turn the aircraft around immediately.
ATC
United 328 Heavy, left or right turn?
ATC
United 328, do you want to turn to the left or to the right?
UNITED 328
Left turn.
UNITED 328
We're turning left.
ATC
United 328 Heavy, turn left heading 080.
ATC
United 328, big jet, turn left and fly a heading of 080 degrees.
UNITED 328
Left heading 080, United 328 Heavy.
UNITED 328
Turning left to 080, United 328.
ATC
United 328 Heavy, at your discretion, maintain 9,000.
ATC
United 328, whenever you’re ready, stay at 9,000 feet.
UNITED 328
Descend and maintain 9,000, United 328 Heavy.
UNITED 328
Going down to stay at 9,000 feet, United 328.
ATC
United 328 Heavy, do you want a straight-in to runway 7?
ATC
United 328, do you want to fly a straight path directly onto runway 7?
UNITED 328
Negative. We need to run some checklists.
UNITED 328
No, not yet. We need to go through some emergency checklists first.
ATC
United 328 Heavy, Roger. Just let me know what you need to do. If you want to hold or left turns, let me know.
ATC
Understood, United 328. Just let me know what you need. If you want to circle in place or keep making left turns, just tell me.
UNITED 328
Very good, United 328 Heavy.
UNITED 328
Will do, United 328.
ATC
United 328 Heavy, go ahead.
ATC
United 328, go ahead, I'm listening.
ATC
United 328 Heavy, when able, say fuel and souls on board and your intentions.
ATC
United 328, when you have a chance, tell me your remaining fuel, the total number of people on board, and what you plan to do.
UNITED 328
We'd like to return to Denver as soon as possible here, and we'll get you the souls in a minute.
UNITED 328
We want to get back to Denver as soon as we possibly can, and we’ll have that person count for you in a moment.
ATC
United 328 Heavy, Roger. Cleared to Denver. I'll give you vectors. Do you want a left turn into the airport right now, or do you want delayed vectors for anything else you might need?
ATC
Understood, United 328. You’re cleared to head to Denver. I’ll give you steering directions. Do you want to turn toward the airport now, or do you need me to steer you away for a bit while you finish up?
UNITED 328
We're going to need delayed vectors. We need to still run a few checklists and get some landing data.
UNITED 328
We’re going to need those delayed directions. We still have checklists to run and need to figure out our landing speeds.
ATC
Okay, I'm just going to keep you on that heading there. Left turns all the way around the aerodrome, and whatever runway you align up for and you want, just let me know and we'll make that happen.
ATC
Okay, I’ll keep you on your current path. We’ll just do big left turns around the airport area, and whatever runway you decide you want to line up for, just let me know and we’ll make it work.
UNITED 328
328 Heavy, thank you.
UNITED 328
United 328, thank you.
ATC
United 328 Heavy, when able, heading 050.
ATC
United 328, since you're a large aircraft in trouble, turn to a heading of 050 degrees whenever you're ready.
UNITED 328
Heading 050, United 328 Heavy.
UNITED 328
Turning to heading 050 now, United 328.
UNITED 328
And what runway are you planning for 328 Heavy?
UNITED 328
And which runway are you planning to put us on, United 328?
ATC
United 328 Heavy, you can have any runway you'd like. I'm just letting you know I'm keeping you wide there. If you want to go into the west runways, or I can take you up for the north or take you to the south runways. It's really your call. The closest runway would be runway 26.
ATC
United 328, you have priority—you can have any runway you want. I’m giving you plenty of room to maneuver out there. I can guide you to the west, north, or south runways; it’s completely your call. The nearest one to you is runway 26.
ATC
United 328 Heavy, descend and maintain 8,000.
ATC
United 328, go ahead and drop down to 8,000 feet and stay there.
UNITED 328
Cleared to 8,000, United 328 Heavy.
UNITED 328
Heading down to 8,000 feet, United 328.
ATC
United 328 Heavy, Information Quebec is current at Denver. Altimeter 29.66.
ATC
United 328, the latest weather and airport update for Denver is code Quebec. Set your altitude sensors to a pressure of 29.66.
UNITED 328
Understand 29.66, United 328 Heavy.
UNITED 328
Got it, 29.66 for the sensors, United 328.
UNITED 328
328 Heavy, we can take a tighter turn in here.
UNITED 328
United 328, we’re actually able to make a sharper turn toward the airport from here.
ATC
United 328 Heavy, about 8 miles from GRAFF, turn left heading 290. Maintain at or above 7,000 until established on the localizer. Cleared ILS approach, runway 26.
ATC
United 328, you're 8 miles from the GRAFF navigation point. Turn left to a heading of 290. Stay at or above 7,000 feet until you've caught the guidance beam for the runway. You are authorized for an instrument landing on runway 26.
UNITED 328
Cleared ILS 26, United 328 Heavy.
UNITED 328
Authorized for the instrument landing on 26, United 328.
ATC
United 328 Heavy, if you're still on my frequency, state souls on board and fuel on board.
ATC
United 328, if you're still on this radio channel, tell me the total number of people on the plane and how much fuel you have left.

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