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Virgin Atlantic A346 Feb 14th 2016 laser strike

Virgin Atlantic flight VS25 returns to London after a laser strike injures a pilot's eyes.

2016-02-16 Shannon Airspace, Ireland; returning to London Heathrow (LHR)

Summary

A Virgin Atlantic Airbus A340-600 bound for New York declared a Pan-pan urgency over Ireland after a laser strike during departure caused medical issues for a pilot. The crew elected to return to London Heathrow, necessitating a significant fuel jettison to reach safe landing weight. The recording captures the professional coordination between the crew and Shannon ATC during the turn-back and emergency preparations.

Analysis

This recording captures a significant safety event involving Virgin Atlantic flight VS25 on February 14, 2016. While climbing out of London Heathrow, the aircraft was struck by a high-powered laser. Although the flight continued toward the Atlantic, the affected pilot's condition deteriorated, leading the captain to declare a "Pan-pan" (urgency) while under the jurisdiction of Shannon ATC in Ireland. The incident is notable because laser strikes, while common, rarely result in the immediate termination of a long-haul flight; however, the risk of retinal damage or flash blindness made an oceanic crossing unsafe.

Key moments include the pilot's calm declaration of the Pan-pan and the subsequent technical coordination. Because the Airbus A340-600 was fueled for a transatlantic crossing, it was far too heavy to land safely back at Heathrow. Consequently, the crew had to jettison (dump) thousands of pounds of fuel over the Atlantic/Irish Sea. The controller's inquiry about "single-pilot operations" is a critical technical detail; if a pilot is fully incapacitated, the remaining pilot faces a much higher workload, requiring ATC to provide extra spacing and priority handling.

From an aviation safety perspective, this event served as a high-profile example of the dangers posed by handheld lasers. It highlighted that these are not merely nuisances but can cause physical injury to flight crews, leading to massive operational disruptions and potential safety risks. The crew’s decision to return was a textbook example of "conservative decision-making," prioritizing safety over the cost and logistical nightmare of a long-haul return and fuel dump.

The transcript also shows the "behind the scenes" of ATC coordination, where Shannon ATC warns a following aircraft (460 Quebec Sierra) about the fuel being dumped at a higher altitude. This ensures that trailing aircraft do not fly through a mist of volatile aviation fuel, which could be ingested into their own engines or coat their windscreens.

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Original ATC Communication

Plain English Translation

SHANNON ATC
Virgin 25 Bravo, Shannon. Good evening. Identified. Cleared direct REPNU, then SOMIT.
SHANNON ATC
Virgin 25 Bravo, this is Shannon control. Good evening. We have you on radar. You are cleared to fly straight to the REPNU navigation point, and then on to SOMIT.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
Direct REPNU, then SOMIT. Virgin 25 Bravo.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
Straight to REPNU, then SOMIT. Virgin 25 Bravo.
SHANNON ATC
Virgin 25 Bravo, confirm the next point after SOMIT on your ocean clearance, please.
SHANNON ATC
Virgin 25 Bravo, please confirm the next coordinate after SOMIT on your approved route across the ocean.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
Virgin 25 Bravo. After SOMIT is 58 North, 020 West.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
Virgin 25 Bravo. After SOMIT, we are heading to 58 degrees North, 020 degrees West.
SHANNON ATC
That's checked. Thank you. Virgin 25 Bravo, will you call me, please, on 122.980? I'll have better coverage northwest with that one.
SHANNON ATC
That matches our records. Thank you. Virgin 25 Bravo, could you please switch over and call me on the radio frequency 122.980? I’ll have better signal coverage to the northwest on that channel.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
122.980. Virgin 25 Bravo.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
Switching to 122.980. Virgin 25 Bravo.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
Shannon, Virgin 25 Bravo on 122.980.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
Shannon, this is Virgin 25 Bravo checking in on 122.980.
SHANNON ATC
Virgin 25 Bravo, Shannon. Pass your message.
SHANNON ATC
Virgin 25 Bravo, this is Shannon. Go ahead with your message.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
Virgin 25 Bravo, we have an urgency. Pan-pan, Pan-pan, Pan-pan. We're going to have to return to Heathrow. We have a medical issue with one of the pilots.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
Virgin 25 Bravo, we have an urgent situation. We are declaring an emergency. We are going to have to turn around and return to Heathrow. One of our pilots is having a medical emergency.
SHANNON ATC
Virgin 25 Bravo, say that again?
SHANNON ATC
Virgin 25 Bravo, could you please repeat that?
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
Pan-pan, Pan-pan, Pan-pan. Virgin 25 Bravo. We have a medical issue with one of the pilots after a laser incident after takeoff, and we're going to return to Heathrow.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
Declaring an urgent emergency, Virgin 25 Bravo. We have a medical issue with one of the pilots following a laser strike that happened right after takeoff, and we are returning to Heathrow now.
SHANNON ATC
Virgin 25 Bravo, left turn direct to STOML is approved.
SHANNON ATC
Virgin 25 Bravo, you are cleared to make a left turn and fly directly toward the STOML navigation point for your return.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
Direct STOML. Virgin 25 Bravo, thank you. Shannon, Virgin 25 Bravo.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
Directly to STOML. Virgin 25 Bravo, thank you. Shannon, Virgin 25 Bravo.
SHANNON ATC
Virgin 25 Bravo, Shannon. Pass your message.
SHANNON ATC
Virgin 25 Bravo, Shannon. Go ahead, I'm listening.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
We’re going to start jettisoning fuel in about one minute.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
We are going to start dumping excess fuel in about one minute to lighten the plane for landing.
SHANNON ATC
Okay, you want to jettison fuel. That’s no problem at all. Report complete. Continue direct to STOML.
SHANNON ATC
Understood, you need to dump some fuel. That’s no problem at all. Let us know when you’re finished. Keep flying straight toward the STOML navigation point.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
Continuing direct STOML now. Virgin 25 Bravo.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
We're heading straight for STOML now. Virgin 25 Bravo.
SHANNON ATC
Virgin 25 Bravo, are you single-pilot operations?
SHANNON ATC
Virgin 25 Bravo, are you flying the plane all by yourself right now?
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
No, the other pilot is able to perform PNF duties, but we are continuing with the Pan-pan.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
No, the other pilot is still able to help with the radios and checklists, but we are continuing with our urgent emergency status.
SHANNON ATC
Report copied. Virgin 25 Bravo, we’ve had a request from London. If you have any information as to where exactly the incident occurred, you can let us know and we’ll pass it on.
SHANNON ATC
Got that. Virgin 25 Bravo, we have a request from the London controllers. If you have any details on exactly where the incident happened, let us know and we’ll tell them.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
We did report it at the time. For Virgin 25 Bravo, it was around about six or seven miles west of Heathrow. We were on the London 230 radial at 30 miles.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
We reported it when it happened. For Virgin 25 Bravo, it was about six or seven miles west of Heathrow. We were thirty miles out on the southwest line from the airport.
SHANNON ATC
Six or seven miles west of Heathrow, London radial 230 at about 30 miles.
SHANNON ATC
Okay, six or seven miles west of Heathrow, on that southwest line about 30 miles out.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
That’s about the location. 6 to 7 miles west of Heathrow, 230 radial, at 30 miles.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
That’s the spot. Six to seven miles west of Heathrow, thirty miles out on that heading.
SHANNON ATC
Yes, copied. Thank you.
SHANNON ATC
Yes, I’ve got that. Thank you.
SHANNON ATC
Virgin 25 Bravo, continue direct STOML. We spoke to London and once you're a bit closer to STOML, they'll be able to give you something more direct.
SHANNON ATC
Virgin 25 Bravo, keep heading straight for STOML. We’ve talked to London, and once you get a bit closer to that point, they’ll be able to give you a more direct path.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
Going direct STOML now. Virgin 25 Bravo. Maintaining flight level 350. Virgin 25 Bravo.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
Heading for STOML now. Virgin 25 Bravo. Staying at thirty-five thousand feet. Virgin 25 Bravo.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
Virgin 25 Bravo, Pan-pan Virgin 25 Bravo on 122.980.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
Virgin 25 Bravo, this is an urgent emergency call from Virgin 25 Bravo on this frequency.
SHANNON ATC
Can you advise if you will need any special assistance or any special handling on landing at Heathrow?
SHANNON ATC
Can you let us know if you’ll need any emergency crews or special help when you land back at Heathrow?
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
[unclear] We will require some medical assistance on landing.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
We are going to need medical assistance waiting for us as soon as we land.
SHANNON ATC
Shannon, Roger. Thank you.
SHANNON ATC
Shannon copies that. Thank you.
SHANNON ATC
Virgin 25 Bravo, Shannon.
SHANNON ATC
Virgin 25 Bravo, this is Shannon air traffic control.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
Virgin 25 Bravo, go ahead.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
This is Virgin 25 Bravo, go ahead.
SHANNON ATC
We've had a request from London. We need to confirm that there are two pilots actually active on board, as they will need to know for spacing if it’s a single-pilot operation.
SHANNON ATC
We've received a request from the London controllers. We need to confirm if you actually have two active pilots at the controls, as they'll need to know how much extra space to give you if this has become a single-pilot operation.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
Virgin 25 Bravo. Yes, there are two active pilots on board. It’s just a precaution with what the other pilot has done—performing non-flying duties, but he is incapacitated for parts of the flying duties.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
Virgin 25 Bravo. Yes, we do have two active pilots on board. It’s just a safety precaution because of the other pilot's condition—he's helping with basic tasks, but he’s too unwell to perform his actual flying duties.
SHANNON ATC
Thanks very much. Virgin 25 Bravo, cleared direct NUMPO.
SHANNON ATC
Thanks very much. Virgin 25 Bravo, you're cleared to fly a direct path to the NUMPO waypoint.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
Direct NUMPO. Virgin 25 Bravo.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
Flying direct to NUMPO. Virgin 25 Bravo.
SHANNON ATC
Virgin 25 Bravo, you can also advise us when you've finished jettisoning fuel.
SHANNON ATC
Virgin 25 Bravo, please also let us know when you’ve finished dumping your excess fuel.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
We have finished jettisoning fuel. Virgin 25 Bravo.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
We have finished dumping the fuel. Virgin 25 Bravo.
SHANNON ATC
Confirm you have finished?
SHANNON ATC
Just to confirm, you are definitely finished?
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
Affirm, we have finished. We've been finished about a minute.
VIRGIN 25 BRAVO
Yes, we're finished. We actually stopped about a minute ago.
SHANNON ATC
Confirm. Thank you.
SHANNON ATC
Understood. Thank you.
460 QUEBEC SIERRA
Shannon, 460 Quebec Sierra, request descent, please.
460 QUEBEC SIERRA
Shannon, this is 460 Quebec Sierra, requesting permission to descend to a lower altitude, please.
SHANNON ATC
460 Quebec Sierra, Shannon. Descend flight level 170.
SHANNON ATC
460 Quebec Sierra, Shannon. You can descend to 17,000 feet.
460 QUEBEC SIERRA
Down to 170. 460 Quebec Sierra.
460 QUEBEC SIERRA
Down to 17,000 feet. 460 Quebec Sierra.
SHANNON ATC
And 460 Quebec Sierra, Shannon. Just for information, about 12 minutes ago in your position, there was an aircraft at flight level 360 jettisoning fuel.
SHANNON ATC
And 460 Quebec Sierra, just for your information, about 12 minutes ago at your current position, there was an aircraft up at 36,000 feet dumping fuel.
460 QUEBEC SIERRA
An aircraft at 360? Did you say, sir?
460 QUEBEC SIERRA
A plane at thirty-six thousand feet? Is that what you said, sir?
SHANNON ATC
He was jettisoning fuel, dumping fuel there at flight level 360.
SHANNON ATC
He was releasing excess fuel, just dumping it out at thirty-six thousand feet.
460 QUEBEC SIERRA
I see. Thank you. Thank you for that.
460 QUEBEC SIERRA
I see. Thank you. I appreciate you letting me know.

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